Impanuka yo mu 2005 yaturikiye mu ruganda rwa BP muri Texas, muri Amerika

Habaye iturika ry’ingufu mu gihe cyo kubungabunga icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe mu ishami ritunganya isomerization ry’uruganda rwa BP muri Texas, bihitana abantu 15 abandi 170 barakomereka, ndetse hahomba cyane mu bukungu. Iyi mpanuka yabaye nk'iy’ibura ry’ingufu mu rwego rw’inganda ku isi.
Impanuka n'impamvu zitaziguye zibaho
Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga umuyoboro w’amazi w’icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe ku ruganda, icyuma gikingira ubushyuhe nticyashyizweho nk’uko byari bikenewe, kandi ni valve yo hejuru gusa yafunzwe. Kubera ko valve yavuye imbere mu ruganda, ibikoresho bya hydrocarbon byakomeje kuva, amaherezo habaye guturika bitewe n’uko hari isoko y’umuriro. Ikibazo cy’ingenzi cy’impanuka cyari ugutandukanya ingufu ku buryo budahagije, kuko kwishingikiriza gusa ku gutandukanya valve ntibyashoboraga gukuraho ibyago byo kuva mu bikoresho. Akaga kari kihishe ko kuva mu ruganda imbere mu ruganda ntikamenyekana, kandi ingufu za shimi (umuvuduko) mu muyoboro ntizakuwemo neza ngo zirekurwe, bituma ingufu zirekurwa mu buryo butunguranye kandi bigatera ibiza.
Impamvu ikomeye y'impanuka
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ridakwiriye ry’amahame ngenderwaho yo kwitandukanya n’ingufu: Ikigo nticyakurikije neza amahame ngenderwaho yo kwitandukanya n’ingufu ya “double valve isolation + blind plate”, bigabanya ibisabwa mu kwitandukanya n’ingufu mu miyoboro y’amazi ifite ibyago byinshi, kandi cyishingikiriza cyane ku kwitandukanya n’ingufu imwe.
Ubushobozi buke bwo kumenya ingaruka:Ingaruka zishobora kubaho nko kuva kw'amazi imbere mu mashini ntizasuzumwe neza, isuzuma ry'ingaruka z'amasoko y'ingufu ntiryari rihagije, kandi nta buryo bwo kugenzura bufatika bwabayeho.
Inenge muri sisitemu yo gucunga umutekano:Ikigo cyashyize imbere umusaruro kuruta umutekano, nta shoramari ry’umutekano ryagiraga rihagije, kandi nta mahugurwa ahagije ku bakozi ku bijyanye n’umutekano, bigatuma abakozi badakurikiza neza amabwiriza yo kwitandukanya n’ingufu.
Kunanirwa kw'uburyo bwo kugenzura no gusuzuma:Nta buryo bwihariye bwo gusuzuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zo kwitandukanya n’ingufu bwashyizweho, bituma bidashoboka kubona no gukosora amakosa mu nzira yo kwitandukanya n’ingufu vuba.
Amasomo ku mpanuka n'ingamba zo gukosora
Kuzamura amahame ngenderwaho yo kwitandukanya n'ingufu:Ku mikorere y’imiyoboro y’amazi ifite ibyago byinshi, hakenewe ingamba nyinshi zo kwitandukanya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa “double valve isolation + intermediate release + blind plate isolation”, kandi gufunga valve yonyine nk'uburyo bwo kwitandukanya n'ingufu birabujijwe cyane; blind plates zigomba gushyirwaho inomero no gucunga, kandi hagashyirwaho igitabo cy’amakuru adafite aho ahuriye n’amakuru kugira ngo harebwe neza ko uburyo bwo gushyiraho no gukuraho blind plates bushobora gukurikiranwa.
Kunoza inzira yo kugenzura ingaruka zo kwitandukanya:Koresha isuzuma ry'umuvuduko, gusuzuma gazi, nibindi, kugira ngo wemeze imiterere y'ingufu z'umuyoboro wakuwemo kugira ngo urebe ko nta ngaruka zo gusohora kw'ibikoresho.
Komeza kubaka umuco wo kwirinda: Shyiraho igitekerezo cya "kubanza kwiyitaho", wongere ishoramari mu mutekano, wongere amahugurwa ku mutekano w'abakozi, kandi wongere ubumenyi bw'abakozi ku kamaro ko kwishyira mu mwanya w'ingufu n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukurikiza amabwiriza neza.
Gushyiraho uburyo bwigenga bwo kugenzura no gusuzuma: Gushyiraho ishami ryihariye rishinzwe kugenzura umutekano kugira ngo rigenzure byuzuye ingamba zo gushyiraho, gushyira mu bikorwa no kugenzura ingamba zo gutandukanya ingufu, gukora igenzura ry’umutekano buri gihe, no kumenya vuba no gukosora ingaruka z’umutekano.