Gukomeretsa ibyuma – Gufunga/Guhagarika: Gutuza umurongo ngenderwaho w'umutekano mu mikorere ya mashini

Gukomeretsa ibyuma – Gufunga/Guhagarika: Gutuza umurongo ngenderwaho w'umutekano mu mikorere ya mashini
Mu nganda nko gukora imashini, kuzitunganya no kuzisana, imvune za mashini ni imwe mu mpanuka zikunze kugaragara kandi zoroshye kwica. Imashini zizunguruka zihuta cyane, ibyuma bizunguruka bisubiranamo, imigozi izunguruka, n'inkoni za hydraulic za telescopic, iyo zitagenzuwe, zishobora guhita zitera imvune zikomeye nko gukanda, kuzikata, kuzifunga no kuzikoraho, ndetse no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.Gufunga/Guhagarika (LOTO), nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugenzura ingufu ziteza akaga mu mashini no gukumira imikorere mibi y'ibikoresho, ni wo murongo w'ingenzi wo kurinda umutekano w'ubuzima bw'abakozi bakora mu mashini no gukumira impanuka z'impanuka mu mashini. Iyi ngingo, ishingiye ku bintu bifatika mu nganda zikora mu mashini, ihera ku mpamvu zitera imvune mu mashini kandi igasesengura agaciro k'ingenzi, ingingo z'ingenzi zo gushyira mu bikorwa, n'amahame ngiro ya LOTO mu mikorere ya mashini, igamije kubaka imbogamizi ku mikorere ya mashini ku bakora mu nganda.
1. Impamvu z'ingenzi zitera imvune za mekanike: Zifitanye isano cyane n'ingufu zitagira ingaruka ku buryo bugenzurwa
Kubaho kw'imvune za mekanike bisa nkaho biterwa n'ibintu bitunguranye nko amakosa mu mikorere no kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho, ariko mu by'ukuri, impamvu nyamukuru ahanini ni ukunanirwa kugenzura neza ingufu ziteza akaga. Muri zo, kudakurikiza inzira ya LOTO ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru. Duhuje impanuka zisanzwe mu nganda zikora imashini, impamvu zikunze gutera imvune za mekanike zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu, byose bifitanye isano itaziguye no kutubahiriza cyangwa kudakurikiza amategeko y'ibikorwa bya LOTO.
Ubwa mbere, imvune ziterwa no gutangira ibikoresho bitunguranye. Mu bikorwa bya mekanike, mu gihe cyo gusana, gusana no gusukura, ibikoresho birakenewe. Iyo ingufu z'ibikoresho zitashyizwe mu mwanya wabyo neza kandi ibikorwa bya LOTO ntibikorwe, kuzimya gusa icyuma gifungura ibikoresho bishobora gutuma abandi bakora ku buryo butari bwo gutangira, ibikoresho bigahita bisubiramo, cyangwa ingufu zigasubizwa mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma ibikoresho bitangira mu buryo butunguranye kandi bigafata abakozi bakoraga icyo gihe mu bice by'imikorere ya mekanike, bigatera gukata, gukanda, nibindi. Umukozi wo mu ruganda rutunganya imashini, mu gihe yakoraga isuku y'icyuma gikuru cy'imashini, ntiyakoze ibikorwa bya LOTO ahubwo yazimye gusa icyuma gifungura amashanyarazi cy'ibikoresho. Umukozi wari iruhande rwe yakoze ku buryo butari bwo gutangura, bituma ukuboko k'umukozi gufatirwa mu cyuma gikuru, bigatera ubumuga buhoraho. Impanuka nk'izo zikunze kugaragara mu nganda zitunganya imashini.
Icya kabiri, imvune ziterwa no kurekura ingufu zisigaye. Iyo ibikoresho bihagaze, akenshi haba hari ingufu ziteje akaga zitarekurwa imbere, nk'ingufu zishobora gusohoka mu mashini, ingufu za hydraulic, n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Iyo ingufu zisigaye zitarekuwe burundu binyuze mu nzira ya LOTO, kurekura ingufu mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'imikorere bishobora gutuma ibice bya mashini bikora mu buryo butunguranye, bigatera imvune. Urugero, nyuma y'uko imashini ikanda ihagaze, sisitemu ya hydraulic iracyafite umuvuduko. Iyo inzira yo kurekura umuvuduko idakozwe cyangwa ingufu za LOTO zidahambiriwe, iyo umukozi akuyemo ibumba, agace kagenda gahita gagwa, bigatera imvune zikomeye; impera yo gukanda mu gikoresho gikwirakwiza ingufu, nyuma yo guca isoko nyamukuru y'ingufu, iba ikiri mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu. Iyo idakosowe cyangwa ngo irekurwe, ishobora guterwa n'impanuka, bigatuma ibice bisohoka bigatera imvune.
Icya gatatu, kutubahiriza amabwiriza y'imikorere bibangamira uburinzi bw'umutekano. Bamwe mu bakozi bafata ibyago bagasiba ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano bya LOTO bagafungura imfunguzo za LOTO, bigatuma uburinzi bw'ibikoresho bunanirwa kandi bigatera imvune. Urugero, umukozi wari mu iduka, ubwo yasanaga ibikoresho byo gutwara, ntiyakoze ibikorwa bya LOTO maze akuramo igipfundikizo cyo kurinda ibikoresho, agerageza guhindura umukandara w'ibikoresho n'intoki. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ukuboko kwe kwafashwe hagati y'umukandara w'ibikoresho n'ingoma, bimutera imvune ikomeye; undi mukozi, kubera kwihuta kurangiza umushinga, yakuyemo imfunguzo ya LOTO maze atangira ibikoresho mbere y'igihe, bituma mugenzi we wakoraga icyo gihe akomeretswa n'ibice byabyo.
Izi ngingo zituburira ko mu bikorwa bya mekanike, ingufu ziteje akaga ziri hose, kandi ibikorwa bya LOTO si ikintu kidakenewe ahubwo ni "uburyo bwo kurokora ubuzima" bwo kugenzura ingufu ziteje akaga no gukumira imvune za mekanike, bikaba nk'imbogamizi ya nyuma y'umutekano hagati y'abakozi ba mekanike n'akaga.