Gufunga/Guhagarika LOTO: Kuva ku gitekerezo kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa

Gufunga/Guhagarika LOTO: Kuva ku gitekerezo kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Mu rwego rw'umusaruro w'inganda, umutekano ni wo murongo w'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyose, kandilockout-tagout (LOTO, lockout/tagout)nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kugenzura ingufu ziteza akaga no gukumira ikoreshwa nabi ry'ibikoresho ni ingamba y'ingenzi yo kurinda umutekano w'abakozi no kugabanya impanuka z'umutekano. Kuva ku gitekerezo cy'umutekano kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rifatika,LOTONtabwo ari urutonde rw'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere gusa, ahubwo ni n'igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano bw'ikigo, bukubiyemo ibintu byose nko kubungabunga ibikoresho, gusana no gusukura. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo risanzwe rigena neza iherezo ry'umutekano w'inganda. Iyi nkuru izahera ku gitekerezo cy'ingenzi cya LOTO, isesengura inzira yo kuyishyira mu bikorwa, ingingo z'ingenzi, n'ibintu bikunze kutumvikana, itanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye kandi bufatika ku bakora mu nganda.
I. Igitekerezo cy'ingenzi cya LOTO Lockout/Tagout:Si "Gufunga gusa + Gushyiramo agapapuro"
Ubusobanuro bw'abahanga benshi mu nganda kuri LOTO bugarukira ku "gushyira ingufuri no kuzishyiraho", ariko mu by'ukuri, LOTO ni gahunda ihamye yo kugenzura ingufu ziteje akaga, kandi ingenzi yayo ni ukurinda ibikoresho gutangira mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa ingufu zigasohoka mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo gukora binyuze mu kwishyira ukwabyo no kuburira neza, gukumira ingaruka z'umutekano aho zituruka. Dukurikije amahame ya OSHA n'amategeko agenga umutekano mu kazi mu gihugu, ibisobanuro byemewe bya LOTO ni: Mbere yo gusana, gusana, gutunganya, cyangwa gusukura ibikoresho, binyuze mu gufunga, gutandukanya amasoko atandukanye y'ingufu ziteje akaga y'ibikoresho, gukoresha ingufuri zidasanzwe mu gufunga ibikoresho byo kwishyira ukwabyo, no kumanika ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kuburira kugira ngo bigaragarize neza ko ibikoresho biri mu "gihe kibujijwe gutangira", kugira ngo birinde abandi gukora nabi no guteza impanuka z'umutekano. Mu bintu by'ingenzi, LOTO irimo ibice bibiri bitavangwa: "gufunga" na "gushyira ikimenyetso". Biruzuzanya kandi ni ngombwa. "Gufunga" ni uburinzi bw'umubiri, hakoreshejwe ingufu zidasanzwe (nk'udupfundikizo, udupfundikizo tw'amashanyarazi, ibipfundikizo by'amashanyarazi, nibindi) kugira ngo ufunge ibikoresho byo gufunga ingufu (amadirishya, udupfundikizo, udupfundikizo tw'amashanyarazi, nibindi), ugakora uburinzi bukomeye, ugenzura ko abakozi batabifitiye uburenganzira badashobora gutangiza ibikoresho; "gushyira agapapuro k'ibanga" ni ukwibutsa, umanika ibimenyetso bikurura amaso bivuga ngo "Hari umuntu ukora, ntutangire" cyangwa "Urimo gusana, ntufunge", bikwereka neza aho igikorwa giherereye, abakoresha, n'igihe igikorwa kimaze, bitanga uburinzi bw'amaso, butanga indishyi ku gice cy'uburinzi bw'amaso.
Byagombye kumenyekana ko uburyo bwo gukoresha LOTO bukubiyemo ingufu zishobora guterwa n’inganda zose, harimo ingufu, imashini, amazi, umwuka, ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, imiti, nibindi. Ubwoko bwose bw’ingufu, haba mu nganda zikora, ibikoresho bya chimique, cyangwa kubungabunga ahantu ho kwidagadurira (nk’igenzura rya Lego Big Wheel morning), igihe cyose ibikorwa byo guhagarika ibikoresho bihari, inzira za LOTO zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa neza [3][7]. Intego yayo nyamukuru si "inzira zigoye", ahubwo ni ugukoresha ibikorwa bisanzwe, kugira ngo itandukanyirize ingufu ziteje akaga n’abakozi, ari na yo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye LOTO iba ihame mpuzamahanga ry’umutekano mu nganda.
II. Ibisabwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa LOTO Lockout/Tagout:Ishami rishinzwe ibintu by'ingenzi n'inshingano
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya LOTO risaba kubanza gusobanura ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko igikorwa kiba umwihariko bitewe n'ibintu bibura cyangwa inshingano zidasobanutse, bishobora guteza akaga mu mutekano.
Ubwa mbere, menya neza urwego rw'ingufu ziteje akaga. Mbere y'uko bikorwa, ingufu zose zishobora gukoreshwa mu bikoresho zigomba gusuzumwa neza, harimo ingufu zisanzwe (nk'amashanyarazi, gazi, amavuta ya hydraulic) n'ingufu zidafite aho zihuriye (nk'ingufu zisigaye z'amashanyarazi muri capacitors, ingufu zishoboka zo mu mpeshyi, gazi ifunze, nibindi), kandi nta soko ry'ingufu rikwiye kwirengagizwa. Urugero, nubwo icyuma kimwe cy'amashanyarazi cyaba cyarafunguwe, capacitor iracyabika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi niba umuti wo gusohora amazi udakozwe, ushobora gutera ibyago byo guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi [1]; mu bikoresho bya mekanike, isoko ifunze, nubwo isoko nyamukuru y'ingufu yaciwe, ishobora gutera imvune ziterwa no kurekura ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa. Kumenya izi ngufu zidafite aho zihuriye ni byo shingiro ryo gushyira mu bikorwa LOTO.
Icya kabiri, shyiramo ibikoresho n'ibyapa bisanzwe. Umurimo wa LOTO usaba gukoresha ingufuri n'ibikoresho byabugenewe. Birabujijwe cyane gukoresha ibikoresho bitari ibyabugenewe nk'insinga z'icyuma cyangwa imigozi isanzwe nk'ibindi bisimbura. Ibyo bikoresho ntibifite inshingano yo kwitandukanya kandi bishobora gucika no kutagira ingaruka z'uburinzi. Bifatwa nk'ikosa rikomeye. Ingufuri zigomba gukurikiza ihame rya "umuntu umwe, ingufuri imwe, urufunguzo rumwe", kandi imfunguzo zigomba kubikwa neza n'abazikoresha ubwabo. Birabujijwe cyane kohereza cyangwa gusangira imfunguzo. Ibimenyetso by'uburinzi bigomba kuba bisobanutse kandi bikurura amaso, kandi bigaragaza neza ibirimo gukorwa, ababikora, n'amakuru yo guhamagara kugira ngo abantu bose banyura cyangwa bahuza n'ibikoresho basobanukirwe neza ingaruka zishobora kubaho.
Icya gatatu, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo busobanutse bwo kugenzura inshingano. Umurimo wa LOTO ukurikiza ihame rya "ukora, ni nde ushinzwe inshingano". Inshingano z'ubwoko butatu bw'abakozi b'ingenzi zirasobanutse neza: abakozi bemewe (abahawe amahugurwa n'uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa bya LOTO) bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa inzira zo gufunga, gufunga, no gufungura mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa; abakozi bagizweho ingaruka (abakozi bo mu gace gakikije aho igikorwa gikorerwa) bagomba kumenya uko ibikorwa bya LOTO bihagaze kandi ntibagomba gukora ku ngufuri, ku byapa, cyangwa ku bikoresho batabifitiye uburenganzira; umuyobozi ushinzwe umutekano ashinzwe amahugurwa, kugenzura, no gusuzuma inzira ya LOTO, kandi agasuzuma vuba uko inzira zose zinyuranyije n'amategeko agenga ibikorwa. Ikigo kigomba gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano za LOTO mu buryo bwuzuye ku nzego zose kugira ngo buri sano rigire umuntu wihariye ushinzwe kandi ugenzura.