Gufunga, gushyira ikimenyetso no kugenzura ingufu ziteje akaga mu iduka

OSHA itegeka abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije gufunga, gushyira ikimenyetso, no kugenzura amasoko y'ingufu ziteza akaga. Hari abantu batazi uko batera iyi ntambwe, buri mashini iratandukanye. Getty Images

Mu bantu bakoresha ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ibikoresho by'inganda,Gufunga/gufunga (LOTO)Nta gishya kirimo. Keretse amashanyarazi adafunzwe, nta muntu utinyuka gukora isuku iyo ari yo yose cyangwa kugerageza gusana imashini cyangwa sisitemu. Ibi ni ibisabwa gusa mu bwenge busanzwe n'ikigo gishinzwe umutekano n'ubuzima mu kazi (OSHA).

Mbere yo gukora imirimo yo gusana cyangwa gusana, biroroshye gukuramo imashini ku isoko y'amashanyarazi yayo - akenshi ukazimya icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi - hanyuma ugafunga urugi rw'ikibaho gihagarika amashanyarazi. Kongeraho ikirango kigaragaza abatekinisiye bo gusana amazina na byo ni ikintu cyoroshye.

Iyo umuriro udashobora gufungwa, icyapa cyonyine ni cyo gishobora gukoreshwa. Muri ibyo byose, byaba bifite cyangwa bitagize, icyapa kigaragaza ko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga igikoresho bikomeje kandi ko kidakoresha umuriro.

Ariko, iyi si iherezo rya tombola. Intego rusange si uguhagarika isoko ry'amashanyarazi gusa. Intego ni ugukoresha cyangwa kurekura ingufu zose ziteje akaga - mu buryo bwa OSHA, kugira ngo hagenzurwe ingufu ziteje akaga.

Urukero rusanzwe rugaragaza ibyago bibiri by'igihe gito. Nyuma y'uko urukero ruzimye, urukero ruzakomeza gukora amasegonda make, kandi ruzahagarara gusa iyo imbaraga zabitswe muri moteri zirangiye. Urukero ruzakomeza gushyuha iminota mike kugeza ubushyuhe bushize.

Nk’uko inkero zibika ingufu za mekanike n’ubushyuhe, akazi ko gukoresha imashini z’inganda (amashanyarazi, amazi n’umwuka) gashobora kubika ingufu igihe kirekire. Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo gufunga bwa sisitemu ya hydraulic cyangwa umwuka, cyangwa ubushobozi bw’uruziga, ingufu zishobora kubikwa igihe kirekire gitangaje.

Imashini zitandukanye zo mu nganda zikenera gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Imashini isanzwe ya AISI 1010 ishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zo guhinda kugeza ku 45.000 PSI, bityo imashini nka feri zo gukanda, punches, punches, na pipe benders zigomba kohereza imbaraga mu bice bya toni. Niba uruziga rukoresha sisitemu ya hydraulic pompe rufunze kandi rudafunze, igice cya hydraulic cy'iyi sisitemu gishobora kuba gishobora gutanga 45.000 PSI. Ku mashini zikoresha ibumba cyangwa ibyuma, ibi birahagije kugira ngo bijanjagure cyangwa bicike amaguru.

Ikamyo ifunze ifite indobo mu kirere ni akaga nk'ikamyo ifunze ifite indobo. Fungura valve itari yo maze imbaraga zirenze urugero zigafata umwanya wayo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, sisitemu y'umwuka ishobora kugumana ingufu nyinshi iyo izimye. Imashini ikoresha umuyoboro uciriritse ishobora kwinjiza ingufu zigera kuri amperes 150 z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Iyo ikoresheje amperes 0.040, umutima ushobora guhagarika gutera.

Gusohora cyangwa kugabanya ingufu mu buryo bwizewe ni intambwe y'ingenzi nyuma yo kuzimya umuriro na LOTO. Gusohora cyangwa gukoresha ingufu zangiza mu buryo bwizewe bisaba gusobanukirwa amahame y'imikorere n'ibisobanuro by'imashini bigomba kubungabungwa cyangwa gusanwa.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa sisitemu za hydraulic: umuyoboro ufunguye n'umuyoboro ufunze. Mu nganda, ubwoko busanzwe bwa pompe ni verisiyo, vane, na piston. Silinda y'igikoresho gikoresha ishobora gukora rimwe cyangwa kabiri. Sisitemu za hydraulic zishobora kugira ubwoko butatu bwa valve - kugenzura icyerekezo, kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'amazi, no kugenzura umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi - buri bwoko muri ubu bufite ubwoko bwinshi. Hari ibintu byinshi byo kwitondera, bityo ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza buri bwoko bw'ibice kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ziterwa n'ingufu.

Jay Robinson, nyiri RbSA Industrial akaba na perezida, yagize ati: “Imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ishobora kuba itwarwa na valve ifunga umuyoboro wose.” Yagize ati: “Valive ya solenoide ifungura valve. Iyo sisitemu ikora, amazi ya hydraulic atembera mu bikoresho ku muvuduko mwinshi no mu kigega ku muvuduko muto.” “Niba sisitemu ikora PSI 2.000 kandi umuriro ukazima, solenoide izajya mu mwanya wayo wo hagati igafunga imiyoboro yose. Peteroli ntishobora gutemba kandi imashini irahagarara, ariko sisitemu ishobora kugira PSI zigera ku 1.000 kuri buri ruhande rwa valve.”