Amasomo y'umutekano w'amashanyarazi: Uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi mu gikorwa cyo gufunga imodoka muri LOTO

Mu nganda zikora, kurinda umutekano w’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi no kubungabunga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu ni byo bintu by’ingenzi mu musaruro w’umutekano w’ibigo.LOTO (Gufunga/Guhagarika)Sisitemu, ikubiyemo gufunga no gushyiramo tagi kugira ngo ihagarike ingufu ziteza akaga mu mashanyarazi no gukumira imikorere mibi y’ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi, ni "umurongo w'ingenzi wo kwirinda" mu kurinda umutekano w'abakozi no gukumira ibura ry'amashanyarazi. Dukurikije amakuru, impanuka zirenga kimwe cya kabiri zo kubungabunga amashanyarazi zifitanye isano no kubura cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa nabi inzira ya LOTO. Muri zo, impanuka ziterwa no gukoresha nabi ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi, nk'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bigufi, ndetse n'inkongi, zigira uruhare runini. Ingufuri yo gufunga amashanyarazi, nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gufunga isoko y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri gahunda ya LOTO, ifitanye isano itaziguye no guhitamo neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi kandi ni ingingo y'ingenzi abahanga mu by'umutekano mu nganda n'abakozi b'amashanyarazi bagomba kumenyera. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura rirambuye no gutangiza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi uhereye kuri LOTO, ndetse na gahunda zo gufunga, kandi isubize ibibazo bisanzwe by'inganda kugira ngo ifashe ibigo gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu ya LOTO no gushimangira umurongo wo kurinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu nganda.

Hasi aha, ndaza gusesengura, gushyira ahagaragara, no gutanga gahunda zo gufunga ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bigabanya amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'umwuga wa LOTO.

I. Utwuma duto two gukamura urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi

Utwuma duto duto dukoresha amashanyarazi ni two dukoresho tw’amashanyarazi dukoreshwa cyane mu gukwirakwiza ingufu mu nganda. Dukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda umuriro mwinshi no kuwurinda ku buryo buciriritse, dufite ingano nto, ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingufu buringaniye, no gukora neza. Ni two duce tw’ingenzi dukoresha mu gukwirakwiza ingufu mu nganda, mu dusanduku dutanga ingufu, no mu bikoresho bito. Mu bikorwa bya LOTO, utwuma duto dukoresha amashanyarazi dukora nk'ahantu ho gutandukanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi imbere. Iyo tudafunze hakurikijwe amabwiriza, dushobora gutuma ibikoresho byo kubungabunga amashanyarazi bihita bihinduka bitewe n'uko abakozi bafunze icyuma gihagarika ingufu mu nganda, bigatera impanuka nko gukubita amashanyarazi, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, nibindi. Kubwibyo, gufunga amashanyarazi bigomba kugerwaho binyuze mu gufunga byihariye kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa ibisabwa na LOTO mu gutandukanya ingufu.

Ibirango bisanzwe by'udukingirizo duto tw'amashanyarazi:
⑴. Imbere mu gihugu: CHINT, DELIXI, PEOPLE, TENGEN, Nader, nibindi. ⑵. Mu mahanga: Schneider Electric, ABB, Siemens, Eaton, Legrand, nibindi.

a. Ingero z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa:
⑴. Kurinda umurongo no gushyira ingufu mu dusanduku duto two gukwirakwizamo ibikoresho n'udusanduku two kugenzura ibikoresho mu nganda;
⑵. Kubungabunga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu biro no mu nganda zifasha mu bikorwa by'inganda;
⑶. Kubungabunga imiyoboro mito y'amashami n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga mu miyoboro ikora mu buryo bwikora.

II. Akamashini kabumbye gakoresha urukiramende
Imashini igabanya umuriro mu buryo bwa “circuit breaker” ifite inshingano zo kurinda umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko mugufi, no kurinda umuriro udafite ingufu. Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gucikamo ibice n'umuvuduko munini w'amashanyarazi. Ifunze ikozwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki bikingira ubushyuhe, bishobora gukumira ingaruka ku mfuruka. Ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi ya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu mu nganda kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu kurinda no kugenzura ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi, gukwirakwiza ingufu mu kigo, n'imirongo y'ingufu.

Nk'ahantu hakomeye ho gushyira ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu nganda, icyuma gifunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi gihuza isoko y'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Gufunga umuyoboro nabi bizatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka cyane, bigatera imvune zikomeye ku muntu ndetse n'ibikoresho bikangirika. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya LOTO, ni ngombwa kugira ingufu zizewe binyuze mu ngufu zikomeye kandi uhuze uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda kugira ngo ingufu zikoreshwe neza.

III. Akantu ko kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amadirishya
Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi, kazwi kandi nka 'Universal circuit breaker', gafite ingufu nyinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhagarika, n'imikorere yuzuye yo kurinda. Gashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi no mu maboko kandi gakoreshwa cyane cyane nk'igikoresho nyamukuru mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'inganda. Ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura no kurinda urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rw'inganda. Akamashini gakoresha amashanyarazi gagenzura isoko y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu iduka ryose cyangwa mu ruganda. Ibikorwa bya LOTO (Lockout-Tagout) kuri LOTO panel ni byo by'ingenzi ku mutekano w'amashanyarazi mu nganda. Iyo gakoreshejwe nabi, gashobora gutera ibura ry'amashanyarazi rinini, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, cyangwa ndetse n'impanuka zikomeye z'umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukurikiza neza inzira yose ya LOTO no gukoresha ingufu zikomeye kugira ngo hagerwe ku kwitandukanya kw'amashanyarazi kenshi, no gushyira mu bikorwa ihame ry'ingenzi rya "ufunga, ufungura".
a. Ingero z'ishyirwa mu bikorwa
⑴. Ingufu zo gushyira mu mwanya w’ingufu mu cyumba gikuru cyo gukwirakwiza inganda n’amapariki manini y’inganda;
⑵. Gusana sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu nganda nini nk'inganda zikora ibyuma, ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'izikora imiti;
⑶. Imashini zigenzura ikwirakwizwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku nganda nini zikora zikoresha ikoranabuhanga n'inganda zikora LOTO.