Nubwo amategeko agenga Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano n'ubuzima mu kazi (OSHA) arengera abakoresha bafite abakozi 10 cyangwa munsi yayo kwandika imvune n'indwara bitari bikomeye ku kazi, abakoresha bose b'ingano iyo ari yo yose bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yose agenga OSHA kugira ngo abakozi babo bagire umutekano. "Amabwiriza yose agenga OSHA" yerekeza ku mabwiriza ya leta ya OSHA cyangwa "gahunda ya leta" agenga OSHA. Ubu, leta 22 zabonye uburenganzira bwa OSHA bwo gucunga gahunda zazo bwite z'umutekano n'ubuzima bw'abakozi. Izi gahunda za leta zireba ibigo byigenga, harimo n'ibigo bito, ndetse n'inzego za leta n'iz'ibanze.
OSHA ntisaba ba nyir'ubucuruzi buto bw'umuntu umwe (badafite abakozi) kubahiriza amategeko abagenga ku bakoresha. Ariko, ba nyir'ubucuruzi buto bagomba gukomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza akurikizwa kugira ngo barebere hamwe umutekano wabo ku kazi.
Urugero, kwambara uburyo bwo kwirinda guhumeka iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byangiza cyangwa imiti ihumanya, gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda kugwa iyo ukorera ahantu harerure, cyangwa kwambara uburyo bwo kwirinda kumva iyo ukorera ahantu harangwa urusaku si iby’ibigo bifite abakozi gusa. Izi ngamba zo kwirinda zifasha kandi abantu gukorana n’umuntu umwe. Mu kazi kose, hahora habaho impanuka zo mu kazi, kandi kubahiriza amabwiriza ya OSHA bifasha kugabanya ibi.
By’umwihariko, OSHA ivuga ko kubahiriza Lockout/Tagout (ubusanzwe igaragazwa n’inyuguti ya LOTO) bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu bagera ku 120 buri mwaka no gukumira imvune zigera ku 50.000 buri mwaka. Kubwibyo, hafi buri mwaka OSHA isohora urutonde, kutubahiriza amabwiriza bikomeje kuba urutonde 10 rw’amategeko ya OSHA anyuranyije cyane n’amategeko.
Amabwiriza ya OSHA agenga ishami rya leta n’irya leta asobanura ingamba zo kurinda abakoresha mu gukumira imashini n’ibikoresho bidakora neza bitewe n’amakosa ya muntu cyangwa ingufu zisigaye mu gihe cyo gusana no kubungabunga.
Kugira ngo hirindwe gutangira gukora ku buryo butunguranye, ingufu z'izo mashini n'ibikoresho bifatwa nk' "ibiteje akaga" "zifunze" hakoreshejwe ingufu nyazo kandi "zigashyirwaho" ibimenyetso nyabyo nyuma y'uko imashini cyangwa ibikoresho bizimye. OSHA isobanura "ingufu ziteje akaga" nk'ingufu zose zishobora guteza akaga ku bakozi, harimo ariko ntizigarukira ku ngufu z'amashanyarazi, imashini, amazi, umwuka, imiti n'ubushyuhe. Izi ngamba zo kurinda zigomba kandi gukoreshwa n'abacuruzi bato bayobowe n'umuntu umwe.
Ba nyir'ubucuruzi buto bashobora kwibaza bati: “Ni iki kizagenda nabi?” Tekereza ku mpanuka ikomeye yabereye mu ruganda rwa Barcardi Bottling Corp. ruri i Jacksonville, muri Florida muri Kanama 2012. Barcardi Bottling Corp. biragaragara ko atari ikigo gito, ariko amasosiyete menshi mato afite inzira n'imikorere bimwe n'amasosiyete manini. Iyi sosiyete ifite, nko gushyira pallets mu buryo bwikora. Umukozi w'agateganyo wo mu ruganda rwa Bacardi yari arimo gusukura pallets mu buryo bwikora ku munsi wa mbere w'akazi. Imashini yatangijwe ku bw'impanuka n'undi mukozi utabonye umukozi w'agateganyo, maze umukozi w'agateganyo arakomeretswa n'imashini arapfa.
Uretse impanuka zikomeye, kudakoresha ingamba zo kurinda LOTO bishobora gutera impanuka zo gutwika ubushyuhe, bigatera imvune zikomeye n'urupfu. Kutagira LOTO mu kugenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi bishobora gutera imvune zikomeye z'amashanyarazi n'urupfu ruturutse ku gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi. Ingufu za mekanike zidagenzuwe zishobora gutera gucibwa ingingo, bishobora no kwica. Urutonde rwa "Ni iki kizagenda nabi?" nta mupaka rugira. Gukoresha ingamba zo kurinda LOTO bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'abantu benshi no gukumira imvune nyinshi.
Mu gihe cyo gufata icyemezo cy'uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa neza LOTO n'izindi ngamba zo kwirinda, amasosiyete mato n'amasosiyete manini ahora atekereza ku gihe n'ikiguzi. Hari abantu bashobora kwibaza bati “Nzatangirira he?”
Ku bigo bito, mu by’ukuri hari uburyo bwo gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwirinda, byaba ibikorwa by’umuntu umwe cyangwa ibikorwa by’umukozi. Ibiro byombi by’igenamigambi bya OSHA ndetse n’ibya leta bitanga ubufasha ku buntu mu kumenya imimerere ishobora guteza akaga mu kazi. Binatanga inama z’uburyo bwo gukemura ibi bibazo. Umujyanama mu by’umutekano wo mu gace utuyemo ni ubundi buryo bwo gufasha. Benshi batanga ibiciro bihendutse ku bigo bito.
Ikintu gikunze kugaragara ku birebana n'impanuka zo mu kazi ni uko “ntabwo bizambaho.” Kubera iyo mpamvu, impanuka zitwa impanuka. Ziba zitunguranye, kandi akenshi ziba zitateguwe. Ariko, no mu bucuruzi buto, impanuka zirabaho. Kubwibyo, ba nyir'ubucuruzi buto bagomba guhora bafata ingamba zo kwirinda nka LOTO kugira ngo barebe ko ibikorwa byabo n'imikorere yabo bibungabungwa.
Ibi bishobora gusaba ikiguzi n'igihe, ariko gukora mu mutekano bituma abakiriya babona ibicuruzwa na serivisi zabo igihe babikeneye. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, gukora mu mutekano bituma ba nyir'ibigo n'abakozi bashobora gutaha mu mutekano mu mpera z'umunsi w'akazi. Inyungu zo gukora mu mutekano ziruta cyane amafaranga n'igihe bimara bishyirwa mu bikorwa ingamba zo kwirinda.
Uburenganzira © 2021 Thomas Publishing Company. uburenganzira bwose burasubitswe. Nyamuneka reba amabwiriza n'amategeko, itangazo ry'ubuzima bwite n'itangazo ryo kudakurikirana ibyakozwe muri California. Urubuga rwaherukaga guhindurwa ku ya 13 Kanama 2021. Thomas Register® na Thomas Regional® ni bimwe mu bigize Thomasnet.com. Thomasnet ni ikirango cyanditswe cya Thomas Publishing Company.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2021
